Vacunas contra el sars-cov-2: aspectos generales y efectos adversos

The impact of the sars-cov-2 disease (covid-19) poses great challenges to both health and the world economy, which merits measures to control the disease. The preparation of vaccines against this microorganism has been the most pressing task for the control of this pandemic. Several vaccine candidates have been developed in different academic and pharmacological centers based on different technologies. Among these study platforms are mrna vaccines, dna vaccines, vaccines produced with inactivated or attenuated vector viruses, vaccines created with protein units and vaccines created with artificial protein particles that resemble the virus. At present, these vaccines are in different phases of studies and others have already been supplied to a large percentage of the world’s population. Local and systemic adverse effects are generally mild to moderate and temporary; however, there have been minority cases of adverse reactions to these vaccines, some minor and others serious, such as ige-dependent (anaphylaxia) and non- ige-dependent (anaphylactoid reactions), as well as unexpected reactions in individuals with an autoimmune background. These reactions have been referred to the presence of vaccine excipients, where polyethylene glycol and its derivatives such as polysorbate stand out. Such reactions may occur in individuals with or without previous sensitization. However, the vast majority of individuals do not present these reactions, which makes vaccines the ideal means for the control of covid-19.