Climate Change in Tropical Glacier-Fed Rivers, Contrasting Global Responses and Future Implications on Stream Functional Diversity

Glaciers in the tropics have unique characteristics, such as their melting patterns and the impact of glacial influence on our environment. This chapter’s objective is to assess melting tropical glaciers effects on the ecological dynamics of highland glacier-influenced streams, including changing local patterns due to climate change. Life traits such as trophic interactions and phenology patterns of a multi environmental riverine system of distinct origins are inquired. These diverse patterns alter some ecosystem biotic functions such as resilience and decomposition of highland rivers. Population and community approaches, perspectives on ecosystem function, and future impacts are included, as tropical glacier’s melting effect changes and diminishes in time. The density, richness, and composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages in these areas are influenced by factors such as altitude, glacier coverage, conductivity, temperature, and channel stability. Dispersal plays a crucial role in shaping the succession of glacier forelands and similar environment, as spatial beta-diversity is influenced by nestedness and turnover, indicating distinct mechanisms driving diversity. Climate change is bound to affect glacier catchments and downstream aquatic ecosystems, not only by decreasing quantity but quality of water; projected higher human demand and lower water supply might cause future local conflicts over water availability for human use.